Andy is currently working for ABC Contractors as a quality control manager for a railway track construction project. National Railways awarded this cost-plus construction contract to ABC Contractors a few months ago. As a contractual requirement, ABC Contractors has to submit each completed deliverable for client acceptance. Reviewing project data, Andy found that the current submission rejection rate is 22 percent. He conducts a root cause analysis and submits his findings along with construction process improvement recommendations to the project director. In this scenario, Andy’s report is an example of:

Caitlin’s project is behind schedule. She is planning to crash the project by allowing overtime to the project team. This approach can bring additional risks to the project. Which of the following is not a valid risk in this scenario:

Cause-and-Effect diagrams are used to illustrate how various factors might link to potential problems or effects. They are also called:

You are the project manager managing a project to design a print head for dot matrix printers. In order to determine ideal settings for print quality, the quality manager of the company suggests trying out various scenarios for printing by varying certain parameters on the print head. Identifying such variables which influence the product or process under development is called: